Four commonly used materials for springs

Springs are often affected by variable or impact loads during operation. In order to ensure the reliable and continuous operation of the spring, the material of the spring must have high elasticity and fatigue limit, sufficient toughness and plasticity, and good heat treatment
Spring materials and performance refer to relevant manuals, specifications, and standards (GB/T129.6-92, GB4357-89). Common spring steels include:
1: Carbon steel spring steel This type of spring material (such as 65, 70 steel, etc.) has advantages such as low price and convenient source of raw materials. The disadvantage is that the elastic limit is low, and it is easy to lose its elasticity after repeated deformation, and it cannot work normally at 130 degrees
2: Low manganese spring steel Compared with carbon spring steel, this type of spring steel (such as 65Mn) has the advantages of good hardenability and high strength; The disadvantage is that it is prone to cracking and thermal brittleness after quenching. But due to its low price, it is often used to manufacture smaller springs, such as clutch springs
3: Silicon manganese spring steel Due to the addition of silicon (such as 60Si2Mn), the elastic limit of steel can be significantly improved and the tempering stability can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to temper at higher temperatures to obtain good mechanical properties. Silicon manganese spring steel has a wide range of industrial applications and is generally used to manufacture coil springs for automobiles and tractors
4: Chromium vanadium steel The purpose of adding vanadium (such as 50CrVA) to steel is to refine its structure, improve its strength and toughness. This material has good resistance to milk fatigue and impact, and can work reliably at temperatures ranging from -40 ° C to 210 ° C, but it is more expensive. Mainly used in high demand situations, such as manufacturing springs for aircraft engine control systems
In addition, some materials such as stainless steel and bronze have the characteristic of corrosion resistance. Bronze also has magnetism and conductivity, so it is commonly used in the manufacturing of springs in chemical equipment or corrosive media. Its disadvantages are difficulty in heat treatment, poor mechanical performance, and rarely used in general machinery